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Epoch AI is a research institute focused on analyzing major trends and governance factors shaping artificial intelligence. It studies how AI computing power is distributed among key players like Google, Microsoft, Meta, and Amazon, as well as other significant entities such as Oracle, CoreWeave, and national governments. Epoch AI maintains a benchmark database that evaluates leading AI models on challenging tasks to track progress over time and correlates benchmark scores with factors such as compute power and model accessibility. The organization also investigates the growth of training compute, which has been rising about 4.7x per year since 2010 due to higher spending and better hardware. Overall, Epoch AI aims to help anticipate future AI developments, including when models may exceed important computational thresholds, by mapping how compute, benchmarks, and access interact with AI progress.
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Can you trust an AI benchmark score? Two said no. OpenAI retracted SWE-bench Pro after auditing 30% of its tasks broken. Epoch AI found errors in 42% of FrontierMath problems. Here is what that means for teams choosing models. BeagleAI teammate for Slack and Microsoft Teams OpenAI published an audit of SWE-bench Pro in July 2026 and estimated that roughly 30% of its tasks are broken. Two weeks earlier, Epoch AI released FrontierMath v2, which addressed errors in 42% of the original problems. These are not obscure academic edge cases. SWE-bench Pro is the benchmark that appears in procurement slide decks for Cursor, GitHub Copilot, and Claude Code. FrontierMath is the one designed to be "unsolvable by current AI" - built with over 60 professional mathematicians. Both turned out to have quality problems of their own. This is not a reason to ignore benchmarks. It is a reason to read them differently. What "broken" actually means in a benchmark. A broken benchmark task is not one where the AI got it wrong. It is one where the test itself was wrong - measuring something other than what it claimed to measure. Some correct solutions fail because of hidden requirements, contradictory instructions, overly strict tests, or incomplete grading criteria. In a blog post titled "Separating signal from noise in coding evaluations," OpenAI disclosed that roughly 30 percent of SWE-bench Pro's 731 public tasks are broken, and formally retracted the recommendation it made in February 2026. The most common failure mode: tests that are overly strict - they enforce implementation details the task never specified, so functionally correct solutions get rejected. The deeper problem: OpenAI's analysis found that over 60% of the remaining unsolved problems in SWE-bench Verified are not really solvable as scored - 49 tests are too narrowly defined and reject functionally correct submissions, and 26 tests demand features never mentioned in the problem statement. A benchmark whose unsolved tail is majority-broken cannot cleanly separate a 79% model from an 81% model - the last few points are measuring test artefacts, not engineering. FrontierMath's errors were a different shape. An Epoch AI audit found small but critical errors in 42% of the original FrontierMath problems - meaning every "state of the art" claim made on the prior version was scored against a test that was wrong about two in five of its own questions. What is striking is that early human quality reviews had flagged something closer to 1 in 20 problems - roughly 5% - needing corrections. It was a later AI-assisted audit that surfaced the much higher rate. The exam needed an AI to grade the examiners. How contamination compounds the problem. Task quality is one failure mode. Contamination is another, and they compound. Public questions, solutions, and leaderboard discussions eventually seep into training corpora. The exam starts measuring recognition as much as generalization. Then Goodhart's law arrives: when a measure becomes a target, it stops being a good measure. Model builders optimize for benchmark performance, directly or indirectly. Classic benchmarks like MMLU, HumanEval, and GSM8K are saturated - frontier models score above 90% and no longer differentiate. The leaderboard still exists; it just does not tell you anything useful about models that all cluster near the ceiling. There is also a subtler contamination problem in agentic evals: of 38 "cheating" trials identified in one audit of SWE-bench Pro, 33 - 87% - involved the model reading the gold commit out of .git history. The model is not solving the problem. It is finding the answer key. ~30% SWE-bench Pro tasks broken per OpenAI's July 2026 audit of 731 public tasks 42% FrontierMath problems had errors corrected in Epoch AI's v2 release, June 12, 2026 >90% frontier models score on MMLU, HumanEval both benchmarks now effectively saturated The cost dimension makes it worse. Agent benchmarks rarely benchmark "the model" in isolation. They benchmark a model x scaffold x token-budget product, and small scaffold choices can multiply costs 10x. Higher spend does not reliably buy better results. On Online Mind2Web, Browser-Use with Claude Sonnet 4 cost $1,577 for 40% accuracy. SeeAct with GPT-5 Medium hit 42% for $171. The $1,406 gap bought 2 percentage points - or rather, cost 2 percentage points. Whoever controls the inference budget shapes the leaderboard. Which benchmarks are actually worth reading now. A buying decision that ignores leaderboards entirely usually misses important capability gaps; a buying decision that relies only on leaderboards usually ships the wrong model. The right move is to use them as a shortlist filter. Here is a plain-English read of what to look at, based on what each benchmark actually measures: | Benchmark | What it tests | Watch-out | | SWE-bench Pro | Real GitHub issue | patch | ~30% tasks broken per OpenAI; check the private-split number, not the public one | | GPQA Diamond | Expert-level science Q&A | Still differentiates at the frontier; not contaminated at scale yet | | Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index | Weighted composite across 9 evals (agents 34%, coding 24%, reasoning 24%) | Independent methodology; most cited alternative to HF Open LLM Leaderboard after it was retired | | Chatbot Arena (LMSYS) | Human pairwise preference | Subject to voter selection bias; good for UX quality, weak for task capability | | AIME / AMC math | Competition math | High contamination risk; easier to game than FrontierMath | The Hugging Face Open LLM Leaderboard was officially retired in June 2025. Artificial Analysis has become the most cited independent reference. Their Intelligence Index (v4.1) is a weighted average over 9 evaluations in 4 categories - Agents 34% (GDPval-AA, τ[3]-Banking), Coding 24% (Terminal-Bench, SciCode), Scientific Reasoning 24% (HLE, GPQA Diamond, CritPt), General 18%. None of them substitute for evaluation on your own data, and that is the part most teams skip. Treat the leaderboard as the shortlist, then run a controlled evaluation with a consistent harness before deploying. The non-obvious consequence: benchmark churn creates its own risk. Here is the thing nobody talks about in the coverage of broken benchmarks: the replacement cycle itself is a problem. When a benchmark saturates or fails, the field moves to a new one. The new benchmark has not yet been contaminated, so early scores look dramatic. The exam designed to be the last one standing went from unsolvable to half-solved in under a year, and a model at half the price now sits within 0.7 points of it - which changes the cost-per-point calculus for anyone actually paying for this capability. Every benchmark starts as a high signal and degrades toward noise. The practical problem for teams choosing models is that the useful life of any single eval is shrinking. Locking your model-selection process to one benchmark number - especially one cited in a launch blog post - is increasingly a way to be wrong on a six-month delay. Vendor-reported scores at model launch are marketing until independently reproduced. Prefer leaderboards with independent methodology and published raw data. A teammate like Beagle can surface those independent sources - but it cannot run the eval for you. That part still belongs to your team, on your data, with your task distribution. The benchmark is not the truth. It is the shortlist. AI benchmark scores: common questions. Why did OpenAI retract SWE-bench Pro? OpenAI audited SWE-bench Pro, found it no longer reliably measures frontier coding capability, found 30% of tasks broken, and retracted its recommendation that the research community use it as a leading coding eval. The primary failure mode was tests rejecting functionally correct solutions because they enforced implementation details never stated in the task. What is the FrontierMath v2 benchmark change? On June 12, 2026, Epoch AI released FrontierMath v2, which addressed errors in 42% of the original problems. Scores lifted across the board while rankings stayed broadly intact * which means relative model comparisons on v1 were mostly correct, but absolute claims about capability were scored against questions that were themselves wrong nearly half the time. How do I know if an AI benchmark score is contaminated? Check whether the benchmark questions have ever been publicly posted. Public questions, solutions, and leaderboard discussions eventually seep into training corpora; the exam starts measuring recognition as much as generalization. Independent harnesses - EleutherAI's lm-eval-harness, Stanford's HELM, OpenAI's simple-evals - provide a path to reproducibility. If a vendor's launch post does not link to an independent reproduction, treat the number as unverified. Which AI leaderboard should I use for model selection in 2026? In 2026, the leaderboard you should care about depends on what you are shipping. For agent reliability and code: SWE-bench Verified and Aider polyglot. For hard reasoning: GPQA Diamond and AIME. For perceived quality on real prompts: Arena. For open-weight model selection: the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index. None replaces an eval on your actual task. Can benchmark scores be gamed without cheating? Yes, structurally. Agent benchmarks benchmark a model x scaffold x token-budget product, and small scaffold choices can multiply costs 10x. A team with more inference budget can publish higher scores without the underlying model being better. Whoever can pay for the evaluation gets to write the leaderboard. Or just watch me work Point me at your website. I will read up on your business and come back with what I would run for you. No account, no card, about a minute. I only read what is public. Nothing is saved to your name until you say so.
Epoch AI: AI stuck at 59% on new Game Puzzles. 4h ago · 0:00 listen · Source: Crypto Briefing Summary. Epoch AI has launched new game puzzle benchmarks, and AI models are currently stuck at 59% on one of the tests. These benchmarks, called Mystery Game Puzzles and Chess Puzzles, challenge AI's reasoning abilities. On the Mystery Game Puzzles, the top score achieved by any model is 59%. Open-weight models perform lower, maxing out at 38%. What's interesting is that the AI doesn't even know which game it's playing in the mystery variant, preventing it from relying on memorized patterns. The Chess Puzzles show some improvement. While a model scored 37% at launch, newer models have pushed that to 54%. This highlights a difference between playing chess with a search engine and reasoning through new situations. The bottom line is that these tests are designed to measure genuine spatial reasoning and planning, not just pattern recognition. This matters because it reveals current limitations in AI's ability to reason in novel situations. This is an AI-generated audio summary. Always check the original source for complete reporting.
MirrorCode benchmark reveals the high costs and limits of AI software engineering. By IT News / Fri, Jun 26 2026 / Epoch AI has introduced MirrorCode, a new benchmark designed to evaluate whether AI models can reconstruct entire software programs without seeing the original source code. This test requires models to recreate complex codebases based only on high-level descriptions and functional requirements. While current models show promise in smaller tasks, the benchmark highlights significant performance gaps when dealing with large-scale, intricate software architectures. Claude 3.5 Sonnet currently leads the leaderboard by successfully rebuilding a 16,000-line toolkit in approximately 14 hours. However, the most difficult challenges in the benchmark remain unsolved even by the most advanced models available today. One specific attempt to solve a complex task resulted in an AI agent programming continuously for 19 days before ultimately failing to complete the objective. The financial cost of these long-running autonomous sessions is substantial, with the 19-day attempt incurring $2,600 in API fees. These results suggest that while AI can accelerate routine coding tasks, it still struggles with the long-term reasoning required for massive software projects. For infrastructure and systems management, this underscores the current limitations of relying on fully autonomous AI agents for complex development cycles.
Survey reveals AI has taken over jobs for 20% of full-time workers in the U.S. AI Usage Among American Adults: A Recent Survey Analysis In a recent survey disseminated on Thursday, a nonprofit research organization dedicated to artificial intelligence revealed that approximately 50% of American adults engaged with AI technologies in the preceding week, either for personal endeavors or professional tasks. Additionally, 20% of full-time employees reported that AI has begun to supplant aspects of their job responsibilities. The survey, executed by Ipsos in conjunction with Epoch AI - an esteemed nonprofit venture emphasizing rigorous, data-led inquiry into the evolution and implications of artificial intelligence - involved 2,000 American adults. The findings underscore a dual narrative: while AI has indeed displaced certain job functions, 15% of full-time workers indicated they had undertaken new tasks that would have been unfeasible without AI, reflecting a margin of error of plus or minus 2.5%. Caroline Falkman Olsson, a lead researcher from Epoch AI, indicated that the outcomes substantiate prevalent beliefs regarding the increasing influence of AI within workplace environments. "Analyzing the reported usage patterns reveals both augmentation and automation phenomena," Olsson commented to NBC News, urging the necessity for more nuanced investigations to discern precisely which job functions are undergoing transformation. "It's imperative to grasp how actual workplaces and the corresponding tasks are evolving." Founded in 2021 as an effort driven by volunteers, Epoch AI aims to compile and scrutinize data concerning AI development trends. It gained prominence in 2022 for its exploration into the computational power utilized by leading AI firms to train their models, subsequently broadening its scope to encompass the costs of AI services, the global construction of data centers, and the types of microchips employed for AI model development. This latest survey spanned March 3 to 5, utilizing Ipsos' online polling mechanisms. Among the respondents who had engaged with AI recently, nearly 50% reported utilizing AI between two and five days a week. Nevertheless, a majority (62.5%) found themselves conducting merely 1 to 2 quick tasks on their heaviest AI usage day, contrasting sharply with approximately 6% of participants who reported extensive use of AI. Nicholas Miailhe, a prominent AI policy expert with the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence, a collaborative effort involving 46 countries and the European Union, expressed concern regarding the implications of these findings for both workers and policymakers. "With one in five workers acknowledging that AI is already supplanting elements of their roles, we must address the labor market restructuring currently unfolding," he conveyed to NBC News. "The unsettling reality that replacement seems to outpace augmentation warrants our focus: the pivotal opportunity to steer AI's transformative effects in the workplace may be evaporating more swiftly than governments are prepared to acknowledge." The survey further revealed that approximately half of American adults using AI for professional tasks in the past week had relied upon their personal subscriptions or free versions of AI services, rather than employer-provided subscriptions. Moreover, the survey examined the ascendant nature of AI agents - autonomous systems capable of executing tasks independently. Despite low engagement rates thus far, this technology has recently captured significant industry attention. Approximately 8% (with a margin of error of 1.5%) of AI users reported interacting with an AI agent within the past week, contrasting with 49% (plus or minus 1.6%) who utilized AI systems primarily for web searches. Renan Araujo, director of programs at the nonprofit Institute for AI Policy and Strategy, remarked on the noteworthy figures regarding AI agents: "One in twelve Americans has engaged an autonomous AI agent, a software that not only answers inquiries but also undertakes actions on your behalf," Araujo stated to NBC News. "This functionality was not accessible two years prior, and it is remarkable to witness its rapid increase in usage." The Epoch survey also delved into the practical applications of AI among American adults. Findings indicated that a significant proportion had utilized AI for tasks such as sourcing information or recommendations (80%), composing or refining text (59%), and brainstorming ideas (53%). From the surveyed cohort of around 2,000 adults, ChatGPT emerged as the most widely adopted AI service (31% utilization), followed by Google's Gemini (21%) and Microsoft's Copilot (10.5%). This survey follows recent analysis from financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, that outline the burgeoning influence of AI on the labor market. Goldman Sachs' economists released findings indicating that AI is responsible for the elimination of approximately 16,000 jobs monthly, a phenomenon that encompasses both automation and augmentation. Earlier assessments by the bank posited that AI could potentially automate tasks occupying around 25% of all work hours.
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Industries
Data & Analytics
AI & Machine Learning
Education
Company Size
11-50
Company Stage
N/A
Total Funding
N/A
Headquarters
San Francisco, California
Founded
2022
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