S

Substrate

Develops advanced X-ray lithography chipmaking system

Research Scientist - AI

Full-TimeUpdated on 10/20/2026
$150k - $275k
Senior
PhD
San Francisco, CA, USA
In Person
AI & Machine LearningApplied Machine Learning
No H1B Sponsorship

About the job

Requirements
  • At least 5 years of professional or academic research experience in physical sciences, engineering, or a related field.
  • At least 2-3 years of hands-on experience applying machine learning to scientific or technical problems.
  • Strong programming skills in Python and machine-learning frameworks such as PyTorch, TensorFlow, or JAX.
  • Deep understanding of scientific computing, numerical methods, and computational modeling.
  • Ability to translate scientific problems into machine-learning approaches.
  • Experience building tools, infrastructure, or capabilities used by technical teams.
Responsibilities
  • Integrate machine-learning techniques to accelerate scientific simulations, modeling, and computational workflows.
  • Develop AI-augmented tools for materials science, device physics, or accelerator physics applications.
  • Build internal AI infrastructure and capabilities to enable research teams across the organization.
  • Train and mentor scientists and engineers on integrating AI and machine learning into their research workflows.
  • Implement surrogate models, physics-informed neural networks, or generative approaches for scientific problems.
  • Develop data pipelines and frameworks for scientific machine learning across distributed teams.
  • Collaborate with computational physicists and experimentalists to identify high-impact AI applications.
  • Set AI best practices and establish standards for machine-learning-augmented research and development.
Desired Qualifications
  • PhD in Physics, Materials Science, Computer Science, Applied Mathematics, or a related field.
  • Publications applying machine learning to scientific computing, simulation, or experimental data analysis.
  • Experience with physics-informed machine learning or scientific foundation models.
  • Background in accelerator physics, semiconductor devices, materials modeling, or related domains.
  • Track record of enabling technical teams through tool development or mentorship.

About the company

Substrate is developing a new chipmaking system that uses X-ray lithography powered by a proprietary particle accelerator to pattern circuits on silicon wafers. The technology aims to lower lithography costs by about half and is demonstrated at U.S. National Laboratories and in its own facilities. It differentiates itself by pursuing a more vertically integrated U.S. foundry to reduce reliance on overseas fabrication and strengthen supply-chain resilience. The goal is to produce its first chips by 2028 and help bring advanced AI and robotics chips manufacturing back to the United States.

Company Size

11-50

Company Stage

Late Stage VC

Total Funding

$100M

Headquarters

San Francisco, California

Founded

2022

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Simplify's Take

What believers are saying

  • July 2026 funding hit $100 million, valuing Substrate above $1 billion.
  • Trump administration attention aligns Substrate with U.S. reshoring and national-security procurement.
  • Fifty employees from IBM, TSMC, Applied Materials support rapid prototype iteration.

What critics are saying

  • Substrate ships no production tool; 2028 first-chip claims remain unproven.
  • ASML and TSMC already control the ecosystem, masks, resists, and fab integration.
  • If accelerator lithography misses cost targets, Substrate becomes a capital-consuming science project.

What makes Substrate unique

  • Substrate's accelerator-based X-ray lithography attacks ASML's EUV monopoly.
  • James Proud recruited ex-TSMC, IBM, Google, and national-lab engineers.
  • In-Q-Tel, Founders Fund, and General Catalyst financed the 2025 unicorn round.

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Benefits

  • Health Insurance
  • Dental Insurance
  • Vision Insurance
  • Life Insurance
  • Disability Insurance
  • Health Savings Account/Flexible Spending Account
  • Unlimited Paid Time Off
  • Flexible Work Hours
  • Remote Work Options
  • Paid Vacation
  • Paid Sick Leave
  • Paid Holidays

Growth & Insights and Company News

Headcount

6 month growth

0%

1 year growth

0%

2 year growth

0%
Financial Times
Oct 28th, 2025
Silicon Valley chip start-up raises $100mn to take on TSMC and ASML

Substrate plans to use particle accelerators to lower cost of chip manufacturing